Sustainability Seminar Series

We're pleased to announce a new monthly seminar on Sustainability and Computer Science, to be held the second Friday of each month.

Our goals are to create a forum for discussion of ways in which computer science can and will contribute to sustainability, energy, and the environment, and to foster greater consciousness, conversation, and collaboration in this area.  We hope to cast a wide net:  topics will include both computer science research relevant to sustainability challenges, as well as research areas in sustainability, energy and the environment which may provide fertile ground for novel work involving computational thinking.  Talks may also present mature research in sustainability -- both to increase our general sustainability "literacy" and to generate discussion about how computer science could help advance the work.  In all of these areas, we look forward to collaborating with other groups on campus.

While viewed from a computer science perspective, this seminar is deliberately--and necessarily-- interdisciplinary, and we invite both speakers and participants from all areas.  We also hope to foster some "meta discussions:"  exploring opportunities for collaboration, funding, outreach, and so forth.  Please do let us know if you would like to speak in the near future.

Philip Lehman        Jen Mankoff        Eric Paulos

      
 

21 September 2010

Modeling and Optimization for City Bike Sharing Systems

Robert C. Hampshire (Assistant Professor of Operations Research and Public Policy, Heinz College)

 
Vehicle sharing programs, particularly, bike sharing programs, are an emerging mode of transportation enabled by smartcards, smartphones and web technology. Bike sharing programs hope to reduce the number of
cars on the roads, hence reducing congestion; they promote healthy living and are environmentally friendly. Over 100 cities worldwide have deployed bike sharing programs. In Paris alone, over 50 million
trips have been taken with the bike sharing system in two years. The largest is the Velib program in Paris, which facilitates over 70,000 bikes trips per day using 20,000 bikes and 1500 bike stations spread
throughout the city. In the US, Washington D.C., Denver and Minneapolis currently have bike sharing programs. New York City, Boston and San Francisco have announced intentions to start a program. We have built an infrastructure that is collecting real-time usage data on 51 bike sharing programs around the world. This includes the logging of over 200,000 events per day. A summary of the data is available and being used by policy makers at the website: http://imove.heinz.cmu.edu/

This talk considers some of the operational challenges of balancing bike availability, citizen satisfaction and operating costs. The analysis is difficult due to the large size of the system and random spatial-temporal usage patterns. We use Markov Chain theory and asymptotic approximations to develop a spatial queuing model for large scale bike/car sharing services. This model will serve as input to algorithms and a software navigation system that provides real time instructions to a fleet of vehicles to redistribute bicycles.



19 February 2010




Bio_Logic Environmentally Responsive Building Technology

Dale Clifford
(CMU School of Architecture, and Principle at BINARY)

Environmentally progressive architectural thinking has adopted an attitude of compliance and exchange between the natural and built environment through increased capacity for self-regulation. This practice is a divergent path from the prevalent condition of building barriers between the human and the environment.

In my coursework, research and practice, I strive to develop and apply speculative building technologies that operate in accordance with the biologic condition of homeostasis –– the ability for an organism to maintain equilibrium in response to fluctuating environmental conditions. In this study, the building envelope operates as a selective filter, a three-dimensional porous topography that, through active or passive means, advances the building envelope’s interactivity.

Through this discussion, I’m interested to uncover regions of creative thinking and technology transfer between computer science and architecture that enable the built environment to become more responsive and interactive to environmental change and user needs.
 

   *** THIS MONTH ONLY ** DATE AND TIME CHANGE FOR TALK ***

Location: Rashid Auditorium, 4401 Gates Hillman Complex

Time: 3:00 PM - 4:00 PM

Normally the seminar meets the 2nd Friday of every month 1:30 - 2:30. For Nov talk please note the change in DATE/TIME


6 November 2009

Why People Don't Want to Share Rides and What We Might Do To Change That

Jim Morris (CMU Silicon Valley)
Lorrie Faith Cranor (CMU Institute for Software Research and Engineering & Public Policy)
Kursat Ozenc (CMU School of Design)

On average, it takes people 30-40 minutes each way to travel to work in the US, and the vast majority of them travel in a single-occupant car. The goal of this project is to understand both the positive and negative aspects of commuting, and to design a ridesharing service concept that will leverage technology to overcome obstacles that such services have traditionally encountered. We conducted semi-structured interviews with thirty commuters in the Carnegie Mellon University community, including solo drivers, carpoolers and bus riders. We observed that convenience, cost, commute time, and personal preferences motivate commuting choices. Once commuters establish a routine, they tend to continue commuting using their chosen method. We followed up with an online survey on commuting choice and collected responses from 240 participants. We found our previously observed motivations remained significant in the larger population. However, we observed that people who most valued convenience and flexibility tended to be least motivated by cost. We did not find a significant correlation between commuting preference and standard personality types. People characterize their best commute times when they are experiencing "me-time," "traffic-free time," or "routine and ritual time." Based on our interview and survey results and literature review, we developed 13 ride sharing service concepts and tested them in a series of focus groups. We refined the most popular concepts and developed a paper prototype that we are currently testing in a laboratory study. In this presentation we will discuss the motivation for this project and detail our findings to date.
 

09 October 2009

Customizing Commute Ecology: a community-empowered road for electric vehicles

Illah Nourbakhsh

Carnegie Mellon University

While the auto industry continues to make incremental progress toward competitive electric vehicles, we pose a strategic question: can we effect disruptive change in the economics of electric vehicles by improving the systems-level interaction of a vehicle with each unique commuter?  This talk will motivate and describe ChargeCar, a new CREATE Lab project that combines direct community engagement with a hybrid supercapacitor-battery energy management system to increase EV efficiency while decreasing battery duty.  We will describe a prototype hybrid system, a national urban commute warehousing program, a local economic development strategy, and early analytical results based on energy models and actual commute data.  Following the talk and discussion we will offer rides in an electric car at the Gates Highbay!  
 

11 September 2009

Wind Power: Optimization at All Levels

Jaime Carbonell

Carnegie Mellon University

Of all the renewable energy sources, wind exhibits the greatest promise: production costs per kilowatt-hour are close to those of fossil energy; potential wind power far exceeds total U.S. power demand; wind is rapidly becoming a proven technology as illustrated by countries such as Spain, Germany and Denmark deriving 10-30% of their electricity from wind farms alone. Yet, many challenges remain: the capital cost of wind farms is large; integrating wind sources into the power grid requires substantial upgrades; wind power is variable and power storage and buffering is quite difficult.

The presentation focuses on optimizing wind power production at all levels:
  • Selection of equipment and vendor
  • Adaptation to local topography and weather patterns
  • Grid-level optimization (distance, wattage, buffering, …)
  • National-level optimization (complementary, security, …)
  • NPV “lifetime” capital-cost and operations optimization
The above help to drive down costs further so as to ensure wind practicality, and to provide sufficient and balanced electrical power where needed.  Moreover, the ability to model, analyze and optimize wind projects including “what-if” analyses can provide a trusted third-party evaluator for the power industry, vis-à-vis vested-interest wind turbine vendors and providers of other power generation technologies.






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